Which class of medications is commonly used to manage cancer pain?

Opioids are the primary class of medications used to manage cancer pain, particularly when the pain is moderate to severe. They are effective due to their action on the central nervous system, where they bind to opioid receptors, resulting in pain relief. Opioids can significantly improve the quality of life for patients by alleviating pain that may stem from tumor activity, treatment-related side effects, or other cancer-related complications. Additionally, the individualized approach to pain management in oncology often necessitates the use of opioids, particularly when patients experience pain despite using non-opioid analgesics.

While non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help with mild to moderate pain and inflammation, they may not be sufficient alone for persistent or severe cancer pain. Corticosteroids are often used in oncology for their anti-inflammatory properties or to alleviate symptoms like nausea, but they are not typically the first line for managing pain specifically. Antidepressants can also have a role in pain management, especially in cases of neuropathic pain, but they do not serve as the primary agents for cancer pain treatment. Thus, opioids are the cornerstone of cancer pain management due to their strong analgesic properties and the ability to be titrated based on the patient's needs