Which type of cancer is most commonly associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations?

BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations are most prominently linked to breast cancer due to their critical role in DNA repair processes. These genes are part of a cellular mechanism that helps to maintain genomic stability. When there are mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2, the failure of these genes to repair DNA damage can lead to the development of breast cancer, as well as other malignancies like ovarian cancer.

Statistics indicate that women with a BRCA1 mutation have a significantly higher lifetime risk of developing breast cancer, with estimates ranging from 55% to 72%. Similarly, those with a BRCA2 mutation also have an elevated risk, although typically at a slightly lower percentage compared to BRCA1.

While mutations in these genes can also contribute to the risk of other cancers, including prostate and ovarian cancer, breast cancer remains the most significant and common association with BRCA1 and BRCA2. This strong connection underscores the importance of genetic testing and counseling for individuals with a family history that suggests a hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome.