Which type of cancer is most effectively treated with targeted therapy?

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is most effectively treated with targeted therapy due to the distinct genetic mutation that characterizes the disease. In CML, the Philadelphia chromosome is present, which results from a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. This genetic alteration leads to the formation of the BCR-ABL fusion protein, which plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CML by promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis.

Targeted therapies, particularly tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib (Gleevec), have been developed specifically to inhibit the activity of the BCR-ABL protein. This approach allows for a more effective, less toxic treatment than traditional chemotherapy, as it selectively kills cancer cells while sparing normal cells. The success of TKIs in treating CML has significantly improved patient outcomes, leading to long-term remission for many individuals.

In contrast, while targeted therapies are also utilized in conditions like acute lymphoblastic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and breast cancer, CML's distinct and well-defined target makes it the most suitable choice for targeted treatment options. Each of these other cancers may have specific types of targeted therapies but may not have the same level of precision